Angol érettségi tételek kidolgozva

Declaration of Rights of Man

1. French Revolution

Causes: - contradictions in economy
- contradictions in society
- political crises (Louis XVI. in “trouble”)

=> The outbreak of the revolution

-May.5., 1789: opening session – National Assembly (with one vote for each repr.)

-BUT: the king dissolved it => Tennis Court Oath

-People attacked and destroyed the Bastille (July 14., 1789) => Fr. revolution started

-Aug. 4., 1789 – abolition of feudal priviliges

2. Declaration of Rights of Man (Aug. 26., 1789)

Content: – individual freedom
- right to property
- equality in front of the law
- equal taxation
- principles of representation

=> freedom of speech and thought
=> freedom of religion
=> freedom of the press

BUT Louis XVI. refused to sign it

=> Oct. 5.: March of Women: The king was forced to go to Paris; the National Assembly followed him

By 1791: Constitution

Describe the Industrial Revolution

1,Definition :
Fundamental change in industry. Manufactures were replaced by factories, chraftsmanship was replaced by machines. It spreadfrom England in the 1780′s.
Main source of energy was steam.

2, Conditions:
-capitalist transformation of agriculture
-raw material
-labour force- more people
-machines
-capital
-development of the World market

Enclouses:landowners surrounded the lands, that is why peasants had to go to the citiesand find jobs in manufacturing.On the lands landlords raised sheeps.

3, Inventions:
-Textile ind. became the most importnt and developed industry
Inventions:-flying shuttle
-spinning jenny
-spinning mule
-cotton gin
-water frame
-sewing mashine
-Iron and steal production
-Steam engine
Steamship: Fulton 1807
-Locomotive: Stephenson 1825
-New tools in agriculture: reaper, tresher, lathe-Morse: telegraph
-Bell: telephone

4, Consequences:
-England became a World power
-Population grouth
-Workers movements
-destruction of machines
-political parties were formed

World War I.

What were the sources of tensions that led to the outbreak of the WWI, describe the alliance system and power relations during the war

By the second half of the 19th century there was unequal development which led to rivalry. Big powers were fregmented and new powers wanted there share, that is whybig powers made:
1, alliance system:
1873 Three Entente’s Legue
- Germany (williamI)
-Russia (Alex.II)
- Au.-Hungarian monarchy (F. Ferdinand)
1879 Military alliance bw. Germany and the Au.-Hun.mon.
1882: Italy joined the military alliance

2, Power relations:
Central powers
-Au.-Hun. mon.
-Germany
-easy transportation of supply and troops
-easy mobilization
-could be circled easily
-had to import food and weapons

Entente
-Britain
-Francec
-Russia
-weaker land force
-defetable by a quick a
-colonies weren’t supported perfectly

1914-1918 World War I
It started when the Au.-Hun mon. declared war on Serbia

1, 1914
aim:Schliffen Plan: quick attack on the Entente
Both the eastern and western fronts were included in the war
end: failure of the Schliffen Plan

2,1915
Eastern front was more effective
end:military siccess of the Central Powers but no political (they could not defeat the Entente)

3, 1916
Both the fronts were included
end: success of the Central p. but no political

4, 1917
Germany declared a submarine war. They sank every ship in water near the bourders.
(Step for this) The USA joined the war on ther side of the Entente – It become strong

5, 1918
Jan:Everybody wanted peace because of their weakening forces and lack of support.
-Wildson 14 points
-Entente decided about the looser’sterritories

Describe what a totalitarian state is like and discuss the development of stalism in the SU

1, General discription of total. system
-one party
-one leader
-glorification of the party
-nationalism (land, industry)
-propaganda – terror
-expansion
-controll over :-economy
-production

2,Background
Lenin died in 1924
Stalin – Trocky (struggle)
Srtalin won the support of the majority of the Party. Trocky had to migrate to Serbia.

1928 The first 5-year plan started
(2nd in 1933, 3rd in 1938)
-collectivization
Aim: -to increase agricultural production
-strong goverment control
-to take communists to the country
They glorified work – people had quotas and if they could reach these quotasthey were awarded, if not – had to migrate

3, Consequences:
Development in industry
But:Basic needs such as food or housing were pushed into the background.

In theory: they wanted a classless society
In the surface: Just a small group of people enjoyed greater privilages.

No unemployment
-Free education
-Social benefits
But:
-Low standard of living
-Cenzorship to silence anyone who critized the system
terror: Great Purge bw. 1934-38

(After Stalin: Kirov = Man of Steal)